Torah Im Derech Eretz: Moriah by Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer part 4, A Vision of Justice Requires Torah

Moriah by Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer - July 12

Fathom Summary

Meeting Purpose

To analyze Rabbi Dr. Isaac Breuer's critique of Marxism.

Key Takeaways

• Human Law is Flawed: Unlike the laws of nature, which are embedded within nature itself, human societies lack an intrinsic "natural law" of justice. All human-made laws are therefore temporary and relative, failing to achieve eternal justice.
• Torah as Divine Law: The Torah is the only source of true, eternal justice, revealed by God to provide the absolute framework for a just society. It is the "natural law" that human societies have failed to discover on their own.
• Marxism's Fatal Flaw: Marxism is a form of idolatry that worships the economy, reducing humans to mere "atoms" driven by economic forces. This denies free will and the independent value of justice, making it fundamentally incompatible with the Torah.
• The Core Conflict: The conflict is between the Torah's view of humanity as having divine potential and free will, and Marxism's view of humanity as a mechanistic reflex of economic forces.

Topics

The Problem of Human Law

• Humanity's universal demand for justice has never been fulfilled by human-made law.
• Why: The ideal law for society is not embedded within society itself, unlike the laws of nature (e.g., physics) which are intrinsic to the natural world.
• Result: All human laws are temporary and relative, designed for specific times and places. They can only negate injustice, not build a perfectly just society.

The Torah as the Solution

• The Torah is the divine revelation that provides the missing "natural law" for society.
• Function: It is an absolute, eternal system of justice given to the Jewish society at Sinai.
• Significance: It compels a just social order, independent of individual agreement, and is the prerequisite for true societal peace.

Marxism: An Idolatry of Economy

• Marxism is a deterministic philosophy that reduces all of society to economic forces.
• Core Tenets:
  • Economy is Everything: The economy is a science with its own laws, like nature.
  • Humanity as Reflex: Human will and ideals are mere reflexes of economic conditions.
  • Inevitable Revolution: History is a series of economic systems (e.g., feudalism → capitalism → communism), with revolutions as an inevitable outcome of economic change.
• Human Role: Humans are not agents of change but "midwives of the future," either assisting or resisting inevitable economic developments.

The Torah vs. Marxism: A Fundamental Conflict

• Humanity:
  • Torah: Created in the divine image (Tzelem Elokim), with free will and the potential to transcend nature.
  • Marxism: An "atom" in the economic machine, a mechanistic reflex of economic forces.
• Justice:
  • Torah: An independent, eternal ideal revealed by God.
  • Marxism: A temporary reflex of economic conditions; any sense of justice is a "leftover fire" from Sinai, not an inherent part of the philosophy.
• Idolatry:
  • Torah: Prohibits all forms of idolatry.
  • Marxism: Worshipping the economy is a modern form of idolatry.

Next Steps

• Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer: Continue the analysis of "Moriah" by examining the concept of "Ha'am" (the nation) and how history operates on a national level since the Tower of Babel.