Tuesday, June 10, 2025
Things One May Do in the Morning Before Tefillah
Friday, June 06, 2025
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 6: Black Hats and Baseball Caps: Possible Futures and Instructive Histories
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 6:
Black Hats and Baseball Caps:
Possible Futures
and
Instructive Histories
Thursday, May 29, 2025
Shiur on Inyana D'Yoma, Shavuos Night 11:45pm-12:30 am
on the topic of Shavuos
on Shavuos (Sunday) night,
11:45pm-12:30am,
at our home, 3 Zabriskie Terrace in Monsey.
Tuesday, May 27, 2025
Monday, May 26, 2025
Building communities. A history of the eruv in America: Journal of Modern Jewish Studies: Vol 0, No 0 - Get Access
I don't know when the print version will be coming out, but this is the link to my latest article, a review of Rabbi Dr. Adam Mintz's Building Communities: A History of the Eruv in America, that will be published in the Journal of Modern Jewish Studies. This is the "official" pre-publication link. The article follows.
Building Communities. A History of the Eruv in America,
by Adam Mintz, Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2023, 187pp., $26.95, ISBN
9798887190853
Books and articles written on the fascinating topic of eruvin,
the enclosures that allow observant Jews to carry items in public areas on the
Sabbath, must often grapple with multiple disciplines.
Foremost in significance and complexity are the issues of
Jewish law. In contradistinction to most religions, Jewish law recognizes and
authorizes the use of legal loopholes. Examples abound, such as the mechanism
by which one sells one’s chametz (leavened bread and other grain
products) a non-Jew prior to the advent of the holiday of Pesach (Passover),
rather than eradicating and destroying it as prescribed by the Torah (the
Bible).
An eruv is another such legal loophole. It is a legal
fiction that allows an area enclosed by quite porous barriers such as strings
attached to the tops of poles to be considered a walled and private domain,
thus circumventing the prohibition on carrying items in an unenclosed area on
the Sabbath.
The open embrace of legal fictions and loopholes often
strikes a person confronting their utilization in religious life as strange.
Perhaps the best analogy one can give in explanation of the phenomenon is the
well-known statement by Judge Learned Hand: “Any one may so arrange his affairs
that his taxes shall be as low as possible; he is not bound to choose that
pattern which will best pay the Treasury; there is not even a patriotic duty to
increase one's taxes” (Helvering v. Gregory, 69 F.2d 809 (2d Cir. 1934), https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/69/809/1562063/).
Jewish religious law is a legal system like any other legal system: It demands
compliance, but it does not require stringency. Religious fervor can find
expression in other manners and activities, such as fervent prayer, intense
study or heightened charity.
Another issue involved in eruvin is sociological. Within
observant Judaism, societies have defined themselves by the extent to which
they were willing to allocate resources and devote efforts to the construction
and maintenance of eruvin. After all, carrying objects in a public space
on the Sabbath is not essential for the observance of the Sabbath. It does make
the Sabbath more pleasurable to be able to do so. This is especially true, for
example, for mothers with young children, who, without the benefit of an eruv,
find it very difficult to leave home on the Sabbath. Yet Jewish law does not
obligate women to attend a synagogue or leave home for any other purpose on the
Sabbath. To what extent does a society concern itself with the enhancement of
the Sabbath of parts of its constituency?
An additional impetus to maintain an eruv is to
benefit people who are not meticulously observant and will carry objects in
public areas whether there is an eruv in place or not. To what extent
does a community concern itself with saving its laxer members from sin?
Yet another issue involved in eruvin is political.
Notwithstanding the fact that the poles and strings (and, of course, the
pre-existing structures such as fences and embankments) that comprise eruvin
are essentially invisible to the eye not familiar with them and not
deliberately seeking them, the construction of eruvin has become a
political issue. This is especially true because an essential component of an eruv
is a symbolic rental of the public space it encompasses from relevant civil
authorities. This has led to well publicized cases surrounding issues of church
and state, and not infrequent charges of antisemitic or anti-orthodox attitudes
on the parts of the general population or the authorities, or both.
The great accomplishment of Adam Mintz’s thin but
comprehensive survey of the history of eruvin in North America is his
success in encompassing all these issues in his treatise. The convergence of
all these issues in a framework that analyzes them historically adds the
additional discipline of the history of American and Canadian Jewry to the rich
array of issues in which this volume makes a significant contribution. It is
highly engaging and intriguing reading. The one (minor) critique that the
author of this review found significant is the paucity of illustrations, with
those that appear being limited to various maps. Perhaps in our digital age
that is less an onerous omission than it once may have been, as one can search
images on one’s own. Be that as it may, readers will enjoy the book and come
away enriched and edified across a broad array of disciplines and spheres of
interest.
Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer, PhD
Talmudic Monitoring Council,
AARTS, Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic
Schools
ygbechhofer@gmail.com
Sunday, May 25, 2025
Iggeres D'Rav Sherira Gaon, part 27: Rav Ashi vs The Reish Galusa (Exilarch); The Legend of Bustenai
Thursday, May 22, 2025
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 4: Kabbalah's Lasting Impact
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 4:
Kabbalah's Lasting Impact
Thursday, May 15, 2025
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 3: Kavod Zeh Ba'Zeh: The Tandem Template of Jewish Leadership
Kavod Zeh Ba'Zeh:
The Tandem Template of Jewish Leadership
Thursday, May 08, 2025
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 2: Neturei Karta: Looking Past the Shouts and Slogans
Neturei Karta:
Looking Past the Shouts and Slogans
Tuesday, May 06, 2025
Is All A Capella Music Permitted During the Omer?
Wednesday, April 30, 2025
Eitan | Growing from Their Strength, Building in Their Memory - Givechak
Rischa D'Araisa Season 11 Episode 1: Succession: Popes,Rebbes, and Roshei Yeshivah
Wednesday, April 23, 2025
Scholar in Residence Information. Please be in Touch to Set Up a Program!
Emunah & Hashkafah: | Contemporary & Practical Halachic Issues: |
The Age of the Universe | Eruvin in Metropolitan Areas |
Evidence and Emunah | The Definition of Death in Halacha |
Does Reason Serve Faith or Faith Serve Reason | Organ Transplants |
Tradition, History & Belief | Curtailing Treatment of the Terminally Ill |
The Authenticity of the Torah | Cholov Yisroel |
Bechira Chofshis: How Free are We? | Agunah Problems & Related Issues |
Divine Providence | Buying Meat in Non-Jewish Owned Stores |
The Unity of G-d | Banking in a Jewish Owned Bank |
G-d's Incorporeality | When & What Mechitza is Required by Halacha |
Creation Ex Nihilo | May Jews Return to Spain |
Worshiping G-d — Nothing Else | Changing Neighborhoods |
Prophecy | Halachic Attitudes Towards Secular Studies |
The Prophecy of Moshe Rabbeinu | The Use of Microphones in Halacha |
The Divine Origin of Torah | Women in Jewish Communal Life |
The Torah will not be Abrogated | Gelatin |
G-d's Omniscience | Organized Labor & Strikes |
Reward & Punishment | Tzedaka & Ma'aser Kesafim |
Moshiach: Are These Messianic Times? | Glatt Kosher |
Resurrection of the Dead | Sheimos: What are They & How to Dispose of Them |
These & Those are the Words of the Living G-d | Headcovering for Women |
Our Relationship with Previous Generations | The Great International Dateline Controversy |
The Impact of Kabbala on Machashava | Bishul Akum |
Sophisticated Chesed | Teaching Torah to Non-Jews |
Denominational Attitudes | Yeshivot Hesder in Halacha |
Sinners Within & Ahavas Yisroel | AIDS |
The Greater They Are, The Greater Their Fall | Cheating on Your Taxes |
Chronologies of the 2nd Beis HaMikdosh Period | Kol Isha |
Brazenness & Bashfulness | Ashkenazic vs. Sepharadic Pronunciation |
Exploring Chutzpa | Suing Your Rabbi for Malpractice |
What is True Yiras Shomayim | Copyrights in Halacha |
Tefilla & Avodas Hashem Workshops | Autopsies & Biopsies |
Truth & Falsehood | Plastic Surgery & Diets |
Malachim (Angels): What are They/What do they Do? | Communal Unity |
Bein Yisroel L'Amim: Judaism & Christianity | Shabbos Cosmetics |
What is Kedusha & How is it Achieved | Cigarette Smoking in Halacha |
Torah she'be'al Peh as the Focus | May Women Wear Pants? |
Analyzing Agadata | Music in Halacha |
Time & Times in Judaism | Conversion |
The Leviathan | Laws of Waiting on Line & Priorities in a Waiting Room |
Bitachon: Trust in G-d | Teshuva & Kiruv |
Para Aduma | Magic & Magicians in Halacha |
Kilayim & Sha’atnez | Practical Hilchos Mezuza |
Basar Ve'Chalav | Abortion |
Kisui HaDam | Halachos of Shabbos Goyim |
Pride & Humility | Electric Lights in Halacha |
Friendship | Vegetarianism in Halacha |
Simchas Chosson V'Kalla | Shabbos Elevators |
Ta’amei ha’Mitzvos | Heter Iska |
Zav & Zava | Entering Churches & Mosques |
Mikveh | Rebuking Wrongdoers |
Orlah | Cooking for & on Shabbos & Yom Tov |
Aleynu | Entering the Temple Mount |
Atah Kadosh | Restoring Avodas HaKorbonos |
Atah Bechartanu | Techeles |
Eating Jewishly | Extradition |
Frankfurt vs. Volozhin | In Vitro Fertilization |
G-d Diminished the Moon? | Surrogate Motherhood |
Acher: Elisha ben Avuya | Dayanim & Batei Din in Modern Times |
The Jewish Concept of Thanksgiving | Semicha & Psak Halacha |
Shiluach HaKen | Corporal & Capitol Punishment in Our Times |
Hallel | Opening Other People’s Mail |
The Prophecy of Bilam | Havdala |
Chopping Down Fruit Trees | The Use of Lie Detectors in Halacha |
Of Donkeys & Cold | Disturbing the Peace: Exhuming & Relocating Graves |
Prophecy: Dreams | From Soup to Nuts: Eating a Meal al pi Halacha |
Sippur Yetzias Mitzrayim | Behind Bars with Halacha: Imprisonment |
Yomim Tovim | Sale of Weapons by Israel to Foreign Countries |
Yomim Noro’im | Reversing Bal Tashchis: Recycling |
Chana & Shmuel HaNavi | Close Shaves with Halacha: Electric Razors |
Shaul HaMelech | Business Partnerships with a Goy |
The Plishtim | Partnerships with Mechalelei Shabbos |
Existence | May a Jew Own Stock in a Company that Trades in Treifos? |
The Ba'alei Machashava on War | Medicines/Medical Procedures on Shabbos/Yom Tov |
Kochi v'Otzem Yadi | Is a Promise Halachically Binding? |
Courage & Cowardice | What & Why Rabbinic Ordinances are Binding |
Sanctity & Profanity | Brokerage: Shadchanim & Real Estate Agents |
Shimshon | What's a Bracha & How Does it Work? |
Dovid HaMelech | Rise & Shine: Getting Up in with Halacha |
Bar Kochba | Wars & Armies |
Gid HaNasheh | May a Jew Become a Professional Football Player & Related Issues |
Netzach & Hod | Oh No! You Have a She'eila & no Rabbi to Ask: What do you do? |
Talmid Chochom | Is Pasteurized Wine Mevushal? |
Din: Judgement | Fetal Reduction & Related Issues |
Judaism & Freedom | Stitches on Shabbos |
The Name of G-d & the Night of the Seder | Squeezing & Grinding on Shabbos |
The Fifth Cup | Redistributing the Wealth: Yissaschar-Zevulun Relationships |
Kabbolas Shabbos | Were the Chashmonaim Allowed to Assume the Kingship of Israel? |
Rabbi Chanina & Rabbi Yannai | Chopping Pesukim |
Shabbos: Six Tehillim & the Days of the Week | Sunrise, Sunset: Halachic Times of Day |
Mizmor L'Dovid | Rising Before the Wise & Senior Citizens |
Longevity & Immortality | Lifnei Iver |
Astrology | Rib'is: Subscribing to Jewish Periodicals? |
Male & Female | The First Year of Marriage |
Challa | Halachos of Taking Challa from Dough |
Tanya for Misnagdim | The Mitzvah of Ma'akeh |
Ma'avir Rishon Rishon | Muktzeh |
Beyond Seder | Shabbos Clocks |
Chumros: Is the Way to Heaven Paved with Them? | Shabbos & Electricity |
Judaism & Monarchy | Halacha at 35,000 Feet: Airplane Travel Issues |
Netzach Yisroel | Child Abuse |
Magen Dovid | Happy Endings: Halachos of Haftaros |
Half Hallel | Constructive Justice? Bribing Public Officials |
Yerushalayim | Microwave Ovens: Shabbos & Kashrus |
Malchus & Shechina | Wills & Testaments: Issues & Resolutions |
Havaya”h, Elokim, Tzevako"s, Adnu"s | Office Parties: Yoreh De'ah Issues |
Tzimtzum | Social Gatherings: Moshav Leitzim |
Beis HaMikdosh: A Neck | A Change of Place: Shinui Makom in Berachos |
288 Nitzotzos | The Effects of Inflation on Halacha |
The Eyes of G-d | Kedushas Bais HaKenesses |
Too Great a Test? | Finders Keepers? Abandoned Objects in Public Places |
Sorcery & Sin | Kavod & Kerias Sefer Torah |
Amalek & Tomorrow | So What's New? Chodosh! |
The Throne of Dovid and Shlomo | Is there a Halachic Basis for Yom HaSho'ah? |
Intellect | Dishwashers: Kashrus, Shabbos & Yom Tov |
Rosh and Crown | Forcing a Husband to Give a Get |
Tzedaka vs. Chesed | Financial Assistance from non-Jews |
Tanach vs. Chazal | Da'as Torah in Halachic & Non-Halachic Areas |
Transitions & Chana's Song | Shabbos Babycare: Baby Wipes & Disposable Diapers |
Kaf HaKela: The Catapult | Reuven or Robert? English Names for Jewish People |
Gehinnom & Reward | Good Intentions: Kavana for the Beginning of Shma |
Beards | Animal Experimentation & Tza'ar Ba'alei Chaim |
Keruvim | Pop-Top Halacha: Opening Various Food Containers |